(Adopted at the Fourth Executive Meeting of the
State Council on June 1, 1998, promulgated by
Decree No.245 of the State Council of the People' s Republic
of China on June 10,1998, and effective as of the date of
promulgation)
Article 1 These Regulations are
formulated for the purpose of strengthening the export
control of nuclear dual-use items and related technologies,
preventing proliferation of nuclear weapons, promoting
international cooperation in peaceful utilization of nuclear
energy, and safeguarding the State security and social and
public interests.
Article 2 The export of nuclear
dual-use items and related technologies referred to in these
Regulations mean the export for trade, gifts to and
exhibitions in foreign countries and regions, as well as
scientific and technological cooperation with and assistance
to foreign countries and regions that involve equipment,
materials and related technologies outlined in the Nuclear
Dual-Use Items and Related Technologies Export Control List
(hereinafter referred to as the Control List) attached to
these Regulations.
Article 3 The State shall tightly control
the export of nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies, and strictly perform its international
obligations with regard to non-proliferation of nuclear
weapons.
Article 4 The export of nuclear
dual-use items and related technologies shall comply with
the provisions of relevant laws and administrative
regulations of the State as well as these Regulations, and
may not jeopardize the State security or social and public
interests.
Article 5
The State shall practice a licensing control
system for the export of nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies.
Article 6
The following principles shall be observed in
licensing the export of nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies:
(1) The receiving party shall
guarantee against using for nuclear explosion purposes the
China-supplied nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies;
(2) The receiving party shall
guarantee against using China-supplied nuclear dual-use
items and related technologies in nuclear facilities which
are not subject to safeguard of and supervision from the
International Atomic Energy Agency;
(3)The receiving party
shall guarantee against transferring, without permit of the
Chinese Government, China-supplied nuclear dual-use items
and related technologies to a third party.
Article 7 Those engaging in the
export of nuclear dual-use items and related technologies
shall register themselves with the Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Cooperation. Without such registration, no
enterprise or individual may engage in the export of nuclear
dual-use items and related technologies. The specific
measures for such registration shall be formulated by the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 8 Anyone who
intends to export nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies outlined in the Control List shall apply to the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, fill in
the export application form for nuclear dual-use items and
related technologies (hereinafter referred to as the export
application form) and submit the following documents:
(1)identification of the applicant's
legal representative, principal managers and persons in
charge;
(2)a copy of the contract
or agreement;
(3)technological
specifications of the nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies;
(4)the certificate of the
end-user;
(5)the guarantee documents
provided for in Article 6 of these Regulations;
(6)other
documents required by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation.
Article 9 Where the nuclear
dual-use items and related technologies to be exported are
for exhibition or for Chinese party's own use abroad and
will be re-imported thereafter within a specified time
limit, the related documents provided for in Article 8 of
these Regulations may be exempted from being submitted after
examination and approval by the Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Cooperation when making the application.
Article 10 The
applicant shall truthfully fill in the export application
form.
The
export application form shall be uniformly produced by the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 11 Upon
receiving the export application form and the documents
provided for in Article 8 of these Regulations, the Ministry
of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation shall, within 45
working days, examine and approve or disapprove the
application jointly with the State atomic energy authority
or jointly with the State atomic energy authority and
consulting with the relevant departments of the State
Council, or with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs if the case
involves the foreign policy.
Article 12 Where the export
of nuclear dual-use items and related technologies
has important impact on the State security, social
and public interests or foreign policy, the Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation shall submit it to
the State Council for approval.
Those submissions to the
State Council for approval shall not be subject to the
limitation of time period stipulated in Article 11 of these
Regulations.
Article 13
When an export application of nuclear dual-use
items and related technologies is approved after
examination, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation shall issue an export license for nuclear
dual-use items and related technologies
(hereinafter referred to as the export
license), and notify the Customs in writing.
Article 14
An export license holder who intends to change the
nuclear dual-use items and related technologies originally
applied for export shall turn in the original export license
and file a new application and obtain a new export license
according to the provisions of these Regulations.
Article 15
When exporting nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies, the exporter shall submit the export license
to the Customs, complete the Customs procedures and be
subjected to the Customs control in accordance with the
provisions of the Customs Law.
Article 16 Where the receiving
party contravenes the guarantees made according to the
provisions of Article 6 of these Regulations or where a
danger of nuclear proliferation appears, the Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation shall, after
consulting with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the
State atomic energy authority, suspend or revoke the export
license already granted and notify the Customs in writing
for execution.
Article
17 Upon approval of the State Council, the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation may,
jointly with the relevant departments of the State
Council, temporarily decide to exercise export
control on specific nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies other than those outlined in the Control List
according to the provisions of these Regulations.
The export of
specific nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies provided for in the preceding paragraph shall
be licensed according to the provisions of these
Regulations.
Article 18 Anyone who, in
violation of the provisions of these Regulations,
exports nuclear dual-use items and related technologies,
shall be investigated for his criminal liability
according to law if a crime is constituted, or punished
according to the relevant provisions of the Foreign Trade
Law and the Customs Law if a crime is not
constituted.
Article 19
Anyone who counterfeits, alters, sells or buys the
export license shall be investigated for his legal liability
according to law.
Article 20 Any State functionary exercising
control over the export of nuclear dual-use items and
related technologies who neglects his duty, seeks personal
interests or commits illegalities for personal gains or by
fraudulent means or abuses his power, shall be investigated
for his criminal liability according to law if a crime is
constituted, or be given an administrative sanction
according to law if a crime is not constituted.
Article 21
In light of real situation, the Ministry
of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, jointly with the
State atomic energy authority and relevant departments of
the State Council, may adjust the Control List and submit it
to the State Council for approval before
implementation.
Article
22 Where an international treaty that the People's
Republic of China has concluded or acceded to contains
provisions different from those of these Regulations, the
provisions of the international treaty shall apply, unless
the provisions are those on which the People's Republic of
China has declared reservations.
Article 23 These Regulations
shall enter into force as of the date of
promulgation.
ANNEX
THE
NUCLEAR DUAL-USE ITEMS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES EXPORT
CONTROL LIST
1. INDUSTRIAL
EQUIPMENT
1.1. Flow-forming machines and
spin-forming machines capable of flow-forming functions, and
mandrels, as follows, and specially designed software
therefor:
1.1.1.
(i) Having three or more
rollers (active or guiding); and
(ii) According to the
manufacturer's technical specification can be equipped with
"numerical control" units or a computer
control;
1.1.2. Rotor-forming
mandrels designed to form cylindrical rotors of inside
diameter between 75 mm (3 in.) and 400 mm (16
in.).
Note: This entry includes
machines which have only a single roller designed to deform
metal plus two auxiliary rollers which support the mandrel,
but do not participate directly in the deformation
process.
1.2. "Numerical
control" units, "numerical controlled"
machine tools, and specially designed "software"
as follows:
1.2.1. Note: For
"Numerical control" units controlled by its
associated software, see section (c)(2).
1.2.2.
Machine tools, as follows, for removing or cutting
metals, ceramics, or composites, which, according to the
manufacturer's technical specifications, can be equipped
with electronic devices for simultaneous "contouring
control" in two or more axes:
1.2.2.1.
Machine tools for turning, that have
"positioning accuracies" with all compensations
available less (better) than 0.006 mm along any linear axis
(overall positioning) for machines capable of machining
diameters greater than 35 mm.
Note: Bar
machines (Swissturn), limited to machining only bar feed
thru. are excluded if maximum bar diameter is
equal to or less than 42 mm and there is no capability of
mounting chucks. Machines may have drilling and/or
milling capabilities for machining parts with diameters less
than 42 mm.
1.2.2.2. Machine tools for milling,
having any of the following
characteristics:
(1)
"Positioning accuracies" with all compensations
available are less (better) than 0.006 mm along any linear
axis (overall positioning);
or
(2) Two or more contouring
rotary axes.
Note: This does
not control milling machines having the following
characteristics:
(a) X-axis
travel greater than 2 m;
and
(b) Overall
"positioning accuracy" on the x-axis more (worse)
than 0.030 mm.
12.2.3. Machine tools
for grinding, having any of the following
characteristics:
(1) "Positioning
accuracies" with all compensations available are less
(better) than 0.004 mm along any linear axis (overall
positioning); or
(2) Having two
or more contouring rotary
axes.
Note: The following
grinding machines are excluded:
(a) Cylindrical
external, internal, and external-internal grinding machines
having all the following
characteristics:
(i)
Limited to cylindrical grinding
(ii) A Maximum
workpiece outside diameter or length of 150 mm
(iii) Not
more than two axes that can be coordinated simultaneously
for "contouring control"; and
(iv) No contouring
axis
(b) Jig grinders with axes
limited to x, y, c, and a, where c axis is used to
maintain the grinding wheel normal to the work
surface, and the a axis is configured to grind barrel
cams
(c) Tool or cutter
grinding, machines with "software" specially
designed for the production of tools or cutters;
or
(d) Crankshaft or camshaft
grinding machines.
1.2.2.4. Non-wire
type Electrical Discharge Machines (EDM) that have two or
more contouring rotary axes and that can be coordinated
simultaneously for "contouring
control".
Note:
Guaranteed "Positioning accuracy" levels
instead of individual test protocols may be used for each
machine tool model using the agreed ISO test
procedure.
Technical
Notes:
(1) Not counted in the
total number of contouring rotary axes are secondary
parallel contouring rotary axes the center line of which is
parallel to the primary rotary
axis.
(2) Rotary axes do not
necessarily have to rotate over 360 degrees. A rotary
axis can be driven by a linear device, e.g., a
screw or a rack-and-pinion.
1.2.3
"Software"
1.2.3.1.
"Software" specially designed or
modified for the "development",
"production", or "use" of equipment
controlled by subcategories (a) or (b)
above.
1.2.3.2 "Software"
for any combination of electronic devices or system enabling
such device(s) to function as a "numerical
control" unit capable of controlling 5 or more
interpolating axes that can be coordinated simultaneously
for "contouring
control".
Note:
(1) "Software" is
controlled whether exported separately or residing in a
"numerical control" unit or any electronic device
or system.
(2)
"Software" specially designed or modified by the
manufacturers of the control unit or machine tool to operate
an uncontrolled machine tool is not
controlled.
1.3. Dimensional inspection
machines, devices, or systems, as follows, specially
designed software therefor.
1.3.1. Computer
controlled or numerically controlled dimensional inspection
machines having both of the following
characteristics:
(1) two or more axes; and
(2)
a one-dimensional length "measurement uncertainty"
equal to or less (better) than (1.25+ L/1000)μm tested
with a probe of an "accuracy" of less (better)
than 0.2μm (L is the measured length in millimeters)
;
1.3.2. Linear and angular displacement
measuring devices, as follows:
1.3.2.1.
linear measuring instruments having any of the
following characteristics:
(1) non-contact
type measuring systems with a "resolution" equal
to or less (better) than 0.2μm within a measuring range
up to 0.2 mm;
(2) linear variable
differential transformer (LVDT) systems having both
of the following characteristics:
(a)
"linearity" equal to or less (better) than 0.1%
within a measuring range up to 5 mm; and
(b) drift equal to or
less (better) than 0.1 % per day at a standard ambient test
room temperature ±1K; or
(c) measuring systems
that have both of the following characteristics:
(i)
contain a "laser", and
(ii)
maintain for at least 12 hours, over a temperature range of
±1K around a standard temperature and a standard
pressure:
(a) a
"resolution" over their full scale of 0.1μm
or better. and
(b) with a
"measurement uncertainty" equal to or less
(better) than (0.2+L/2000)μm (L is the measured length
in millimeters);
except measuring interferometer
systems, without closed or open loop feedback. containing a
"laser" to measure slide movement errors of
machine tools, dimensional inspection machines, or similar
equipment;
1.3.2.2. angular measuring
instruments having an "angular position deviation"
equal to or less (better) than
0.00025°;
Note:
The sub-item (b) (2) of this item does not control
optical instruments, such as autocollimators, using
collimated light to detect angular displacement of a
mirror.
1.3.3. Systems for
simultaneously linear-angular inspection of hemishells,
having both of the following characteristics:
(1)
"measurement uncertainty" along any linear axis
equal to or less (better) than 3.5 μm per 5
mm; and
(2) "angular position
deviation" equal to or less than
0.02°.
Note:
Specially designed software for the systems
described in paragraph (c) of this item includes software
for simultaneous measurements of wall thickness and
contour.
Technical
Notes:
(1)
"Measurement
uncertainty"
--
The characteristic parameter which specifies in what range
around the output value the correct value of the measurable
variable lies with a confidence level of 95%. It
includes the uncorrected systematic deviations, the
uncorrected backlash, and the random deviations.
(2)
"Resolution"
--
The least increment of a measuring device; on digital
instruments, the least significant bit.
(3)
"Linearity"
--(Usually
measured in terms of non linearity) is the maximum deviation
of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and
downscale readings), positive or negative from a straight
line so positioned as to equalize and minimize the maximum
deviations.
(4)"Angular
position
deviation"
-- The
maximum difference between angular position and the actual,
very accurately measured angular position after the
workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its
initial position.
1.4.
Vacuum or controlled environment (inert gas)
induction furnaces capable of operation above 850 ℃
and having induction coils 600 mm (24 in.) or less in
diameter, and designed for power inputs of 5 kW or more; and
power supplies specially designed therefor with a specified
power output of 5 kW or more.
Technical Note:
This entry does not control furnaces designed for
the processing of semiconductor wafers.
1.5.
"Isostatic presses" capable
of achieving a maximum working pressure of 69 MPa or greater
having a chamber cavity with an inside diameter in excess of
152 mm and specially designed dies, molds, controls or
"specially designed software"
therefor.
Technical Notes:
(1) The inside
chamber dimension is that of the chamber in which both the
working temperature and the working pressure are achieved
and does not include fixtures. That dimension will
be the smaller of either the inside diameter of the pressure
chamber or the inside diameter of the insulated furnace
chamber, depending on which of the two chambers is located
inside the other.
(2)
"Isostatic
Presses"
--
Equipment capable of pressurizing a closed cavity through
various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create
equal pressure in all directions within the cavity upon a
workpiece or material.
1.6. "Robots"
or "end-effectors" having either of the following
characteristics; and "specially designed software"
or specially designed controllers
therefor:
1.6.1. Specially designed to comply
with national safety standards applicable to handling high
explosives (for example, meeting electrical code ratings for
high explosives); or
1.6.2. Specially designed
or rated as radiation hardened to withstand greater than 5 x
104 grays (Silicon) (5 x 106 rad (Silicon)) without
operational
degradation.
Technical
Notes:
(1)
"Robot"
A manipulation mechanism,
which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point
variety, may use "sensors," and has all of the
following characteristics:
(a) is
multifunctional;
(b) is capable of
positioning or orienting material, parts, tools, or special
devices through variable movements in three -dimensional
space;
(c) incorporates three or
more closed or open loop servo-devices which may include
stepping motors; and
(d) has
"user-accessible programmability" by means of
teach/playback method or by means of an electronic computer
which may be a programmable logic controlled, i.e.. without
mechanical
intervention.
N.B.
The
above definition does not include the following
devices:
(a)Manipulation mechanisms
which are only manually/teleoperator controllable;
(b)Fixed sequence
manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices
operating according to mechanically fixed programmed
motions. The program is mechanically limited by
fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of
motions and the selection of paths or angles are not
variable or changeable by mechanical, electronic, or
electrical means;
(c)Mechanically controlled
variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are
automated moving devices operating according to mechanically
fixed programmed motions. The program is mechanically
limited by fixed, but adjustable, stops such as pins or
cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or
angles are variable within the fixed program pattern.
Variations or modifications of the program pattern (e.g.,
changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one or more motion
axes are accomplished only through mechanical
operations;
(d)Non-servo-controlled
variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are
automated moving devices, operating according to
mechanically fixed programmed motions. The program
is variable but the sequence proceeds only by the binary
signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or
adjustable stops;
(e)Stacker cranes defined
as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as
an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and
designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or
retrieval.
(2)"End-effectors"
"End-effectors"
include grippers, "active tooling units," and any
other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end
of a "robot" manipulator arm.
(3)The
definition in (a) above is not designed to control robots
specially designed for nonnuclear industrial applications
such as automobile paint-spraying
booths.
1.7.Vibration test systems, equipment,
components and software therefor, as
follows:
1.7.1. Electrodynamic vibration test
systems, employing feedback or closed loop control
techniques and incorporating a digital controller, capable
of vibrating at 10 g RMS or more between 20 Hz and 2000 Hz
and imparting forces of 50 kN (11,250 lbs) measured 'bare
table', or greater;
1.7.2 Digital controllers,
combined with "specially designed software" for
vibration testing, with a real-time bandwidth greater than 5
kHz and being designed for use with the systems controlled
in a. above;
1.7.3 Vibration thrusters (shaker
units), with or without associated amplifiers, capable of
imparting a force of 50 kN (11,250 lbs), measured 'bare
table', or greater, which are usable for the systems
controlled in a. above;
1.7.4 Test piece
support structures and electronic units designed to combine
multiple shaker units into a complete shaker system capable
of providing an effective combined force of 50 kN, measured
'bare table', or greater, which are usable for the systems
controlled in a. above;
1.7.5 "Specially
designed software" for use with the systems controlled
in a. above or for the electronic units controlled in d.
above.
1.8.Vacuum and controlled atmosphere
metallurgical melting and casting furnaces as follows; and
specially configured computer control and monitoring systems
and "specially designed software"
therefor:
1.8.1. Arc remelt and casting
furnaces with consumable electrode capacities between
1000 cm (and 20,000 cm3 and capable
of operating with melting temperatures above 1700
℃,
1.8.2. Electron beam melting and
plasma atomization and melting furnaces with a power of 50
kW or greater and capable of operating with melting
temperatures above 1200
℃.
2.MATERIALS
2.1. Aluminum
alloys capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 460 Mpa
(0.46 x 109 N/m2) or more at 293 K (20℃), in the form
of tubes or cylindrical solid forms (including forgings)
with an outside diameter of more than 75 mm (3
in.).
Technical Note: The
phrase "capable of" encompasses aluminum alloys
before or after heat treatment.
2.2. Beryllium
metal, alloys containing more than 50% beryllium by weight,
beryllium compounds, and manufactures thereof,
except:
2.2.1 Metal windows for X-ray machines,
or for bore-hole logging devices;
2.2.2 Oxide
shapes in fabricated or semi-fabricated forms specially
designed for electronic component parts or as substrates for
electronic circuits;
2.2.3 Beryl (silicate of
beryllium and aluminum) in the form of emeralds or
aquamarines.
Technical Note:
This entry includes waste and scrap containing beryllium as
defined above.
2.3.High-purity (99.99% or
greater) bismuth with very low silver content (less than 10
parts per million).
2.4.Boron and boron
compounds, mixtures, and loaded materials in which the
boron- 10 isotope is more than 20% by weight of the total
boron content.
2.5.Calcium (high purity)
containing both less than 1000 parts per million by weight
of metallic impurities other than magnesium and less than 10
parts per million of boron.
2.6.Chlorine
Trifluoride (CIF3).
2.7.Crucibles made of
materials resistant to liquid actinide metals, as
follows:
2.7.1. Crucibles with a volume of
between 150 ml and 8 liters and made of or coated with any
of the following materials having a purity of 98% or
greater:
(1)Calcium fluoride
(CaF2)
(2)Calcium
zirconate (metazirconate) (CaZrO3)
(3)Cerium sulfide (Ce2S3 )
(4)Erbium oxide (erbia)
(Er2O3)
(5)Hafnium
oxide (hafnia) (HfO2)
(6)Magnesium oxide (MgO)
(7)Nitrided
niobium-titanium-tungsten alloy
(approximately
50% Nb, 30% Ti, 20% W)
(8)Yttrium oxide (yttria) (Y2O3
)
(9)Zirconium
oxide (zirconia) (ZrO2)
2.7.2. Crucibles with a
volume of between 50 ml and 2 liters and made of or lined
with tantalum, having a purity of 99.9% or
greater.
2.7.3. Crucibles with a volume of
between 50 ml and 2 liters and made of or lined with
tantalum (having, a purity of 98% or greater) coated with
tantalum carbide, nitride, or boride (or any combination of
these).
2.8.Fibrous or filamentary materials,
prepregs and composite structures, as
follows:
2.8.1 Carbon or aramid "fibrous
or filamentary materials" having a "specific
modulus" of 12.7 x 106m or greater or a "specific
tensile strength" of 23.5 x 104m or greater, except
aramid "fibrous or filamentary
materials" having 0.25 percent or more by weight of an
ester based fiber surface modifier; or
2.8.2
Glass "fibrous or filamentary materials" having a
"specific modulus" of 3.18 x 106m or greater and a
"specific tensile strength" of 7.62 x 104m or
greater;
2.8.3. Thermoset resin impregnated
continuous yarns, rovings, tows or tapes with a width no
greater than 15 mm (prepregs), made from carbon or glass
"fibrous or filamentary materials" specified in
2.8 (a) or (b);
Note: The resin
forms the matrix of the composite.
2.8.4.
Composite structures in the form of tubes with an inside
diameter of between 75 mm (3 in.) and 400 mm (16 in.) made
with any of the "fibrous or filamentary materials"
specified in (a) above or carbon prepreg materials specified
in (c) above.
Technical
Note:
(1) For the purpose of
this entry, the term "fibrous or filamentary
materials" means continuous monofilaments, yarns,
rovings, tows or
tapes.
Definition:
(a).
A filament or monofilament is the smallest increment of
fiber, usually several μm in diameter.
(b). A strand is a bundle
of filaments (typically over 200) arranged approximately
parallel.
(c). A
roving is a bundle (typically 12-120) of approximately
parallel strands.
(d). A yarn is a bundle of twisted
strands.
(e). A tow
is a bundle of filaments, usually approximately
parallel.
(f). A
tape is a material constructed of interlaced or
unidirectional filaments, strands, rovings, tows or yarns,
etc., usually preimpregnated with
resin.
(2) "Specific
modulus" is the Young's modulus in N/m2 divided by the
specific weight in N/m3 when measured at a temperature of
23±2℃ and a relative humidity of 50 ±
5%.
(3) "Specific tensile
strength" is the ultimate tensile strength in N/m2
divided by the specific weight in N/m3 when measured at a
temperature of 23±2℃ and a relative humidity of
50± 5%.
2.9. Metal, alloys, and compounds
of hafnium containing more than 60% hafnium by weight and
manufactures thereof.
2.10 Lithium enriched in
the 6 isotope (6Li) to greater than 7.5 atom percent,
alloys, compounds or mixtures containing lithium enriched in
the 6 isotope, and products or devices containing any of the
foregoing; except thermoluminescent
dosimeters.
Note: The natural
occurrence of the 6 isotope in lithium is 7.5 atom
percent.
2.11 Magnesium (high purity)
containing both less than 200 parts per million by weight of
metallic impurities other than calcium and less than 10
parts per million of boron.
2.12
Maraging steel capable of an ultimate tensile
strength of 2050 MPa (2.050 x 109 N/m2) (300,000 lb/in.2) or
more at 293 K (20℃) except forms in which no linear
dimension exceeds 75
mm.
Technical Note: The phrase
"capable of" encompasses maraging steel before of
after heat treatment
2.13 Radium-226,
radium-226 compounds, or mixtures containing radium-226, and
products or devices containing any of the foregoing;
except:
(a) medical
applicators;
(b) a product or device
containing not more than 0.37GBq (l0 millicuries) of
radium-226 in any form.
2.14 Titanium alloys
capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa (0.9 x
109 N/m2 ) (130,500 lb/in.2) or more at 293 K (20 ℃)
in the form of tubes or cylindrical solid forms (including
forgings) with an outside diameter of more than 75 mm (3
in.).
Technical Note: The
phrase "capable of" encompasses titanium alloys
before or after heat treatment
2.15 Tungsten,
as follows: parts made of tungsten, tungsten carbide, or
tungsten alloys (greater than 90% tungsten) having a mass
greater than 20kg and a hollow cylindrical symmetry
(including cylinder segments) with an inside diameter
greater than 100 mm (4 in.) but less than 300 mm (12 in.),
except parts specifically designed for use as weights or
gramma-ray collimators.
2.16 Zirconium with a
hafnium content of less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts
zirconium by weight, in the form of metal, alloys containing
more than 50% zirconium by weight, and compounds, and
manufactures wholly thereof; except zirconium in the form of
foil having a thickness not exceeding 0. 10 mm (0.004
in.).
Technical Note: This
control applies to waste and scrap containing zirconium as
defined here.
2.17 Nickel powder and porous
nickel metal, as follows:
2.17.1. Powder with a
nickel purity content of 99.0% or greater and a mean
particle size of less than 10μm; except filamentary
nickel powders;
Note: Nickel
powders which are especially prepared for the manufacture of
gaseous diffusion barriers are controlled under the Nuclear
Control List.
2.17.2. Porous nickel metal
produced from materials controlled by (a); except: single
porous nickel metal sheets not exceeding 1000 cm2 per
sheet.
Note: This
refers to porous metal formed by compacting and sintering
the material in (2.17.1) to form a metal material with fine
pores interconnected throughout the
structure.
3. URANIUM
ISOTOPE SEPARATION EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS (Other Than
Nuclear Control List Items)
3.1.
Electrolytic cells for fluorine production with a production
capacity greater than 250g of fluorine per
hour.
3.2. Rotor fabrication and
assembly equipment and bellows-forming mandrels and dies, as
follows:
3.2.1. Rotor assembly equipment for
assembly of gas centrifuge rotor tube sections, baffles, and
end caps. Such equipment includes precision mandrels,
clamps, and shrink fit machines.
3.2.2. Rotor
straightening equipment for alignment of gas centrifuge
rotor tube sections to a common axis. (Note: Normally such
equipment will consist of precision measuring probes linked
to a computer that subsequently controls the action of, for
example, pneumatic rams used for aligning the rotor tube
sections.)
3.2.3. Bellows-forming mandrels and
dies for producing single-convolution bellows (bellows made
of high-strength aluminum alloys, maraging steel, or
high-strength filamentary materials). The bellows have all
of the following
dimensions:
(1) 75 mm to 400 mm
(3 in. to 16 in.) inside diameter;
(2) 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) or more in
length; and
(3)
single convolution depth more than 2 mm (0.08
in.).
3.3. Centrifugal multiplane
balancing machines, fixed or portable, horizontal or
vertical, as follows:
3.3.1. Centrifugal balancing machines designed
for balancing flexible rotors having a length of 600 mm or
more and having all of the following
characteristics:
(1) a swing or
journal diameter of 75 mm or more;
(2) mass capability of from 0.9 to 23
kg (2 to 50 lb.); and
(3) capable of balancing speed of
revolution more than 5000 rpm;
3.3.2.
Centrifugal balancing machines designed for balancing hollow
cylindrical rotor components and having all of the following
characteristics:
(1) a journal
diameter of 75 mm or more;
(2) mass capability of from 0.9 to 23
kg (2 to 50 lb.);
(3)
capable of balancing to a residual imbalance of 0.010 kg
mm/kg per plane or better; and
(4) belt drive
type;
and "specially
designed software" therefor.
3.4.
Filament winding machines in which the motions
for positioning, wrapping, and winding fibers are
coordinated and programmed in two or more axes, specially
designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from
fibrous and filamentary materials and capable of winding
cylindrical rotors of diameter between 75 mm (3 in.) and 400
mm (16 in.) and lengths of 600 mm (24 in.) or greater;
coordinating and programming controls therefor; precision
mandrels; and "specially designed software"
therefor.
3.5. Frequency changers
(also known as converters or inverters) or generators having
all of the following characteristics:
3.5.1.
A multiphase output capable of providing a power
of 40 W or more;
3.5.2 Capable of
operating in the frequency range between 600 and 2000
Hz;
3.5.3 Total harmonic distortion
below 10%; and
3.5.4 Frequency
control better than
0.1%.
except such frequency
changers specially designed or prepared to supply
"motor stators" (as defined below) and having the
characteristics listed in (3.5.2 and 3.5.4) above, together
with a total harmonic distortion of less than 2% and an
efficiency of greater than
80%.
Technical
Note:
"Motor
stators"
--
specially designed or prepared ring-shaped stators for
high-speed multiphase AC hysteresis (or reluctance) motors
for synchronous operation within a vacuum in the frequency
range of 600 - 2000 Hz and a power range of 50 - 1000 VA.
The stators consist of multiphase windings on a
laminated low-loss iron core comprising thin layers
typically 2.0 mm (0.008 in.) thick or less.
3.6. Lasers, laser
amplifiers, and oscillators as follows:
3.6.1
Copper vapor lasers with 40 W or greater average output
power operating at wavelengths between 500 nm and
600 nm;
3.6.2 Argon ion lasers with
greater than 40 W average output power operating at
wavelengths between 400 nm and 515 nm;
3.6.3.
Neodymium-doped (other than glass) lasers as
follows:
(1) having an output
wavelength between 1000 nm and 1100 nm, being pulse-excited
and Q-switched with a pulse duration equal to or greater
than 1ns, and having either of the
following:
(a)
A single-transverse mode output having an average output
power exceeding 40
W;
(b) A
multiple-transverse mode output having an average output
power exceeding 50 W;
(2)
operating at a wavelength between 1000 nm and 1100 nm and
incorporating frequency doubling, giving an output
wavelength between 500 nm and 550 nm with an average power
at the doubled frequency (new wavelength) of greater than 40
W;
3.6.4. Tunable pulsed single-mode
dye oscillators capable of an average power output of
greater than 1 W, a repetition rate greater than 1 kHz, a
pulse less than 100 ns, and a wavelength between 300 nm and
800 nm;
3.6.5. Tunable pulsed dye
laser amplifiers and oscillators, except single mode
oscillators. with an average power output of greater than
30W, a repetition rate greater than 1 kHz, a pulse width
less than 100ns, and a wavelength between 300nm and
800nm;
3.6.6. Alexandrite lasers with
a bandwidth of 0.005nm or less, a repetition rate of greater
than 125 Hz, and an average power output greater than 30 W
operating at wavelengths between 720nm and
800nm;
3.6.7. Pulsed carbon dioxide
lasers with a repetition rate greater than 250 Hz, an
average power output of greater than 500W, and a pulse of
less than 200ns operating at wavelengths between 9000nm and
11,000nm;
N.B. This
specification is not intended to control the higher power
typically 1 to 5 kW) industrial CO2 lasers used in
applications such as cutting and welding, as these latter
lasers are either continuous wave or are pulsed with a pulse
width more than 200ns.
3.6.8. Pulsed
excimer lasers (XeF, XeCl, KrF) with a repetition rate
greater than 250 Hz and an average power output of greater
than 500 W operating at wavelengths of between 240 nm and
360 nm;
3.6.9. Para-hydrogen Raman
shifters designed to operate at 16 μm output wavelength
and at a repetition rate greater than 250 Hz.
Technical Note:
Machine tools, measuring devices, and associated
technology that have the potential for use in the nuclear
industry are controlled under items 1.2 and 1.3 of this
list.
3.7. Mass spectrometers capable of
measuring ions of 230 atomic mass units or greater and
having a resolution of better than 2 parts in 230, and ion
sources therefor as
follows:
(1) Inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP/MS);
(2) Glow
discharge mass spectrometers (GDMS);
(3) Thermal ionization mass
spectrometers (TIMS);
(4) Electron bombardment
mass spectrometers which have a source chamber constructed
from or lined with or plated with materials resistant to
UF6;
(5)
Molecular beam mass spectrometers as
follows:
(a) which have a
source chamber constructed from or lined with or plated with
stainless steel or molybdenum and have a cold trap capable
of cooling to 193 K(-80 ℃) or less; or
(b) which have a source
chamber constructed from or lined with or plated with
materials resistant to UF6;
or
(6) Mass spectrometers
equipped with a microfluorination ion source designed for
use with actinides or actinide fluorides;
except
specially designed or prepared magnetic or quadrupole mass
spectrometers capable of taking "on-line" samples
of feed, product, or tails from UF6 gas streams and having
all of the following
characteristics:
(a) Unit
resolution for mass greater than 320;
(b)Ion sources
constructed of or lined with nichrome or monel or
nickel-plated;
(c) Electron bombardment ionization
sources;
(d) Having a collector system
suitable for isotopic analysis.
3.8. Pressure
transducers which are capable of measuring absolute pressure
at any point in the range 0 to 13 kPa, with pressure sensing
elements made of or protected by nickel, nickel alloys with
more than 60% nickel by weight, aluminum or aluminum alloys
as follows:
(1) transducers
with a full scale of less than l3 kPa and an accuracy of
better than ±1% of full
scale;
(2) transducers with a
full scale of 13 kPa or greater and an accuracy of better
than ±130 Pa.
Technical
Notes:
(1)
Pressure transducers are devices that convert
pressure measurements into an electrical
signal.
(2)
For the purposes of this entry,
"accuracy" includes non-linearity, hysteresis and
repeatability at ambient temperature.
3.9.
Valves 5 mm (0.2 in.) or greater in nominal size, with a
bellows seal, wholly made of or lined with aluminum,
aluminum alloy, nickel, or alloy containing 60% or more
nickel, either manually or automatically
operated.
Note: For valves with
different inlet and outlet diameter, the nominal size
parameter above refers to the smallest
diameter.
3.10. Superconducting solenoidal
electromagnets with all of the following
characteristics:
(1) capable of
creating magnetic fields of more than 2 teslas (20
kilogauss);
(2) with an L/D
(length divided by inner diameter) greater than 2;
(3)
with an inner diameter of more than 300 mm; and
(4)
with a magnetic field uniform to better than 1% over the
central 50% of the inner
volume.
Note: The
item does not cover magnets specially designed for and
exported as parts of medical nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) imaging systems. It is understood that the
wording "as part of" does not necessarily mean
physical part in the same shipment. Separate shipments from
different sources are allowed, provided the related export
documents clearly specify the "part
of"relationship.
3.11. Vacuum pumps with
an input throat size of 38 cm (15 in.) or greater with a
pumping speed of 15,000 liters/second or greater and capable
of producing an ultimate vacuum better than 10-4 Torr ( 1.33
x10-4 mbar).
Technical
Note:
(1) The ultimate vacuum
is determined at the input of the pump with the input of the
pump blocked off.
(2) The pumping speed is
determined at the measurement point with nitrogen gas or
air.
3.12. Direct current high-power supplies
capable of continuously producing, over a time period of 8
hours, 100 V or greater with current output of 500 amps or
greater and with current or voltage regulation better than
0.1%.
3.13. High-voltage direct current power
supplies capable of continuously producing, over a time
period of 8 hours, 20,000 V or greater with current output
of 1 amp or greater and with current or voltage regulation
better than 0.1%.
3.14. Electromagnetic isotope
separators, designed for or equipped with, single or
multiple ion sources capable of providing a total ion beam
current of 50 mA or
greater.
Notes:
(1) This entry
will control separators capable of enriching stable isotopes
as well as those for uranium. A separator capable
of separating the isotopes of lead with a one-mass unit
difference is inherently capable of enriching the isotopes
of uranium with a three-unit mass
difference.
(2) This entry
includes separators with the ion sources and collectors both
in the magnetic field and those configurations in which they
are external to the field.
(3)
A single 50 mA ion source will produce less than 3 g of
separated HEU per year from natural abundance
feed.
4.HEAVY WATER PRODUCTION PLANT RELATED
EQUIPMENT
(Other than the Nuclear
Control List Items)
4.1. Specialized packings
for use in separating heavy water from ordinary water and
made of phosphor bronze mesh (chemically treated to improve
wettability) and designed for use in vacuum distillation
towers.
4.2. Pumps circulating solutions of
diluted or concentrated potassium amide catalyst in liquid
ammonia (KNH2/NH3), with all of the following
characteristics:
(1) airtight
(i.e., hermetically
sealed);
(2) for concentrated
potassium amide solutions (1% or greater), operating
pressure of 1.5 - 60 MPa [15 - 600 atmospheres (atm)]; for
dilute potassium amide solutions (less than 1%), operating
pressure of 20 - 60 MPa (200 - 600 atm);
and
(3) a capacity greater than
8.5 m3/h (5 cubic feet per minute).
4.3.
Water-hydrogen sulfide exchange tray columns constructed
from fine carbon steel with a diameter of 1.8m or greater,
which can operate at nominal pressures of 2 MPa (300 psi) or
greater, and internal contractors
therefor.
Notes:
(1)
For columns which are especially designed or
prepared for the production of heavy water.
(2)
Internal contactors of the columns are segmented
trays which have an effective assembled diameter of 1.8 m or
greater, are designed to facilitate countercurrent
contacting and are constructed of materials resistant to
corrosion by hydrogen sulfide/water mixtures. These may be
sieve trays, valve trays, bubble cap trays or turbogrid
trays.
(3) Fine
carbon steel in this entry is defined to be steel with the
austenitic grain size number of 5 or
greater.
(4)
Materials resistant to corrosion by hydrogen
sulfide/water mixtures in this entry are defined
to be stainless steels with a carbon content of 0.03% or
less.
4.4. Hydrogen-cryogenic distillation
columns having all of the following
applications:
(1) designed to
operate with internal temperatures of -238℃ (35 K) or
less;
(2) designed to operate
at internal pressure of 0.5 to 5 MPa (5 to 50
atmospheres);
(3) constructed of
fine-grain stainless steels of the 300 series with low
sulfur content or equivalent cryogenic and H2 -compatible
materials; and
(4) with internal diameters
of 1 m or greater and effective lengths of 5 m or
greater.
4.5. Ammonia synthesis converters or
synthesis units in which the synthesis gas (nitrogen and
hydrogen) is withdrawn from an ammonia/hydrogen
high-pressure exchange column and the synthesized ammonia is
returned to said column.
4.6. Turboexpanders or
turboexpander-compressor sets designed for operation below
35 K and a throughput of hrdrogen gas of 1000 kg/hr or
greater.
5. IMPLOSION SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT EQUIPNFENT
5.1. Flash x-ray
Generators or pulsed electron accelerators with peak energy
of 500 keV or greater. as follows. except accelerators that
are component parts of devices designed for purposes other
than electron beam or x-ray radiation (electron microscopy,
for example) and those designed for medical
purposes:
(1) Having an
accelerator peak electron energy of 500 keV or greater but
less than 25 MeV and with a figure of merit (K) of 0.25 or
greater, where K is defined
as:
K=1.7
x 103
V2.65Q,
where
V is the peak electron energy in million electron volts and
Q is the total accelerated charge in coulombs if the
accelerator beam pulse duration is less than or equal to
1μs, if the acceleration beam pulse duration is greater
than 1μs, Q is the maximum accelerated charge in
1μs[Q equals the integral of i with respect to t, over
the lesser of 1μs or the time duration of the beam
pulse (Q =∫idt), where i is beam current in amperes
and t is the time in seconds]
or,
(2) Having an accelerator
peak electron energy of 25 MeV or greater and a peak power
greater than 50 MW. [Peak power =(peak potential in volts) x
(peak beam current in
amperes).]
Technical
Note:
(1) Time duration of the
beam pulse - In machines, based on microwave accelerating
cavities, the time duration of the beam pulse is the lesser
of 1μs or the duration of the bunched beam packet
resulting from one microwave modulator
pulse.
(2) Peak beam current -
In machines based on microwave accelerating cavities, the
peak beam current is the average current in the time
duration of a bunched beam packet.
5.2.
Multistage light gas guns or other high-velocity gun systems
(coil, electromagnetic, electrothermal, or other advanced
systems) capable of accelerating projectiles to 2 km per
second or greater.
5.3. Mechanical rotating
mirror cameras, as follows; and specially designed
components therefor:
(1)
Framing cameras with recording rates greater than 225,000
frames per second;
(2) Streak
cameras with writing speeds greater than 0.5 mm per
microsecond.
Technical Note:
Components of such cameras include their synchronizing
electronics units and rotor assemblies consisting of
turbines, mirrors, and bearings.
5.4.
Electronic streak and framing cameras and tubes as
follows:
5.4.1 Electronic streak
cameras capable of 50 ns or less time resolution and streak
tubes therefor;
5.4.2 Electronic (or
electronically shuttered) framing cameras capable of 50 ns
or less frame exposure time;
5.4.3
Framing tubes and solid-state imaging devices for
use with cameras controlled in sub-item(5.4.2) above, as
follows:
(1) proximity focused
image intensifier tubes having the photocathode deposited on
a transparent conductive coating to decrease photocathode
sheet resistance;
(2) gate
silicon intensifier target (SIT) vidicon tubes, where a fast
system allows gating, the photoelectrons from the
photocathode before they impinge on the SIT
plate;
(3) Kerr or pockel cell
electro-optical shuttering;
or
(4) Other framing tubes and
solid-state imaging devices having a fast image gating time
of less than 50 ns specially designed for cameras controlled
by sub-item (5.4.2) above.
5.5.
Specialized instrumentation for hydrodynamic
experiments as follows:
(1) Velocity
interferometers for measuring velocities in excess of 1 km
per second during time intervals less than 10μs.
(Doppler laser interferometers,
etc.);
(2) manganin gauges for
pressures greater than 100 kilobars; or
(3) quartz pressure
transducers for pressures greater than 100
kilobars.
6. EXPLOSIVES
AND RELATED EQUIPMENT
6.1. Detonators
and multipoint initiation systems (exploding bridge wire,
slapper, etc.)
6.1.1. Electrically
driven explosive detonators as follows:
(1) exploding bridge
(EB);
(2) exploding bridge wire
(EBW);
(3) slapper; and
(4) exploding foil
initiators (EFI).
6.1.2. Arrangements using single or
multiple detonators designed to nearly simultaneously
initiate an explosive surface (over greater than 5000 mm2 )
from a single firing signal (with an initiation timing
spread over the surface of less than
2.5μs).
Description
clarification:
The detonators
of concern all utilize a small electrical conductor (bridge,
bridge wire, or foil) that explosively vaporizes when a
fast, high-current electrical pulse is passed through it.
In nonslapper types, the exploding conductor
starts a chemical detonation in a contacting high explosive
material such as PETN (pentaerythritoltetranitrate).
In slapper detonators, the explosive vaporization
of the electrical conductor drives a "flyer" or
"slapper" across a gap, and the impact of the
slapper on an explosive starts a chemical detonation.
The slapper in some designs is driven by magnetic
force. The term "exploding foil"
detonator may refer to either an EB or a slapper-type
detonator. Also, the word "initiator" is
sometimes used in place of the word
"detonator".
Note:
Detonators using only primary explosives, such as lead
azide, are not subject to control.
6.2.
Electronic components for firing sets (switching
devices and pulse discharge capacitors)
6.2.1.
Switching devices
(1)
Cold-cathode tubes (including gas krytron tubes and vacuum
sprytron tubes), whether gas filled or not, operating
similarly to a spark gap, containing three or more
electrodes, and having all of the following
characteristics:
(a) Anode
peak voltage rating of 2500 V or more;
(b) Anode
peak current rating of 100 A or more;
(c) Anode
delay time of 10μs or less;
and
(2) Triggered spark-gaps
having an anode delay time of 15μs or less and rated
for a peak current of 500 A or
more;
(3) Modules or assemblies
with a fast switching function having all of the following
characteristics:
(a)
Anode peak voltage rating greater than 2000
V;
(b) anode
peak current rating of 500 A or more; and
(c) turn-on time of
1μs or less.
6.2.2. Capacitors with the
following characteristics:
(1) Voltage rating greater
than 1.4 kV, energy storage greater than 10 J, capacitance
greater than 0.5 μF, and series inductance less than 50
nH, or
(2) Voltage rating
greater than 750 V. capacitance greater than 0.25 μF,
and series inductance less than 10 nH.
6.3.
Firing sets and equivalent high-current pulse
generators (for controlled detonators), as
follows:
(1) Explosive
detonator firing sets designed to drive multiple controlled
detonators covered under item 6. 1.
above;
(2) Modular electrical
pulse Generators (pursers) designed for portable, mobile, or
ruggedized-use (including xenon flash-lamp drivers) having
all the following
characteristics:
(a)
capable of delivering their energy in less than 15
μs;
(b) having an output
greater than 100 A;
(c) having
a rise time of less than 10 μs into loads of less than
40 ohms.
(Rise time
is defined as the time interval from 10% to 90% current
amplitude when driving a resistive load);
(d) enclosed in a
dust-tight enclosure;
(e) no dimension
greater than 25.4 cm (10 in.);
(f) weight less than
25 kg (55 lb.); and
(g)
specified for use over an extended temperature range (-50
℃ to 100 ℃) or specified as suitable for
aerospace use.
6.4. High explosives
or substances or mixtures containing more than 2% of any of
the following:
(1)
Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX);
(2)
Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX);
(3)
Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB);
(4) Any explosive with a crystal
density greater than 1.8 g/cm3 and having, a detonation
velocity greater then 8000 m/s; or
(5) Hexanitrostilbene
(HNS).
7. NUCLEAR TESTING
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
7.1.
Photomultiplier tubes with a photocathode area of
greater than 20 cm2 having an anode pulse rise time of less
than 1 ns.
7.2. High-speed pulse
generators with output voltages greater than 6 V into a less
than 55 ohm resistive load, and with pulse transition times
less than 500 ps (defined as the time interval between 10%
and 90% voltage amplitude).
8.
OTHER
8.1. Neutron
Generator systems, including tubes, designed for operation
without an external vacuum system and utilizing
electrostatic acceleration to induce a tritium-deuterium
nuclear reaction.
8.2. Equipment
related to nuclear material handling and processing and to
nuclear reactors as follows:
8.2.1. Remote
manipulators that can be used to provide remote actions in
radiochemical separation operations and hot cells, as
follows:
(1) Having a
capability of penetrating 0.6 m or more of hot cell wall
('through-the-wall' operation);
or
(2) Having a capability of
bridging over the top of a hot cell wall with a thickness of
0.6m or more ('over-the-wall'
operation).
Note: Remote
manipulators provide translation of human operator actions
to a remote operating arm and terminal fixture. They may be
of a'master/slave'type or operated by joystick or
keypad.
8.2.2. High-density (lead glass or
other) radiation shielding windows greater than 0.09 m2 on
cold area and with a density greater than 3 g/cm3 and a
thickness of 100 mm or greater; and specially designed
frames therefor;
8.2.3. Radiation-hardened TV
cameras, or lenses therefor, specially designed or rated as
radiation hardened to withstand greater than 5 x 104 grays
(Silicon) (5 x 106 rad (Silicon)) without operational
degradation.
8.3. Tritium, tritium compounds,
or mixtures containing tritium in which the ratio of tritium
to hydrogen by atoms exceeds 1 part in 1000 and products or
devices containing any of the
foregoing;
except:
A
product or device containing not more than 1.48 x 103 GBq
(40 Ci) of tritium in any form.
8.4.
Tritium facilities, plants and equipment, as
follows:
8.4.1 Facilities or plants for the
production, recovery, extraction, concentration or handling
of tritium;
8.4.2 Equipment for
tritium facilities or plants, as
follows:
(1) Hydrogen or helium
refrigeration units capable of cooling to 23 K (-250
℃) or less, with heat removal capacity greater than
150 watts;
(2) Hydrogen isotope
storage and purification systems using metal hydrides as the
storage, or purification medium.
8.5.
Platinized catalysts specially designed or
prepared for promoting the hydrogen isotope exchange
reaction between hydrogen and water for the recovery of
tritium from heavy water or for the production of heavy
water.
8.6. Helium-3 or helium
isotopically enriched in the helium-3 isotope, mixtures
containing helium-3, and products or devices containing any
of the
foregoing;
except:
A
product or device containing less than 1 g of
helium-3.
8.7. Alpha-emitting,
radionuclides having an alpha half-life of 10 days or
greater but less than 200 years, compounds or mixtures
containing any of these radionuclides with a total alpha
activity of 1 curie per kilogram (37 GBq/kg) or greater, and
products or devices containing any of the foregoing;
except:
A product or device
containing less than 3.7 GBq (100 millicuries) of alpha
activity.
8.8. Lithium isotope
separation facilities, plants and equipment, as
follows:
8.8.1. Facilities or plants
for the separation of lithium isotopes;
8.8.2.
Equipment for the separation of lithium isotopes,
as follows:
(1) Packed liquid-liquid
exchange columns specialty designed for lithium
amalgams;
(2) Mercury and/or lithium
amalgam pumps;
(3) Lithium amalgam
electrolysis cells;
(4) Evaporators for
concentrated lithium hydroxide solution.